Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study.

BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Avaliação da qualidade dos registros do processo de enfermagem por meio de auditoria retrospectiva / Quality assessment of nursing process records through retrospective audit / Evaluación de la calidad de los registros del proceso de enfermería a través de auditoría retrospectiva

Objetivo: analisar a qualidade dos registros do processo de enfermagem e compará-la segundo as unidades de internação. Método: estudo transversal, retrospectivo que analisou 258 prontuários, entre os meses de março e julho de 2022, de pacientes internados no ano de 2019, em um hospital de grande porte da região Centro-Oeste. Para mensurar a qualidade dos registros, utilizou-se o instrumento Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, validado para o Brasil. Pesquisa aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética. Resultados: considerando as dimensões dos diagnósticos de enfermagem como processo e como produto, os escores médios gerais de 4,5(±2,6) e 7,1(±4,1), respectivamente. Quanto às dimensões intervenções e resultados de enfermagem, médias de 3,0(±2,1) e 4,7(±4,8). Observaram-se variações das médias de escores entre as unidades analisadas, com diferença significativa (p<0,001). Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram baixos escores de qualidade dos registros do processo de enfermagem, e a média de escores divergiu entre as unidades de internação analisadas.

Objective: To analyze the quality of nursing process records and compare them according to hospitalization units. Method: a cross-sectional, retrospective study that analyzed 258 medical records, between the months of March and July 2022, of patients admitted in 2019, in a large hospital in the Midwest region. The Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes instrument, validated for Brazil, was used to measure the quality of the records. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. Results: considering the dimensions of nursing diagnoses as a process and as a product, the overall mean scores were 4.5(±2.6) and 7.1(±4.1), respectively. As for the dimensions of nursing interventions and outcomes, the mean scores were 3.0(±2.1) and 4.7(±4.8). There were variations in the mean scores between the units analyzed, with a significant difference (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results showed low quality scores for nursing process records, and the mean scores differed between the inpatient units analyzed.

Objetivo: analizar la calidad de los registros del proceso de enfermería y compararla según las unidades de hospitalización. Método: estudio transversal, retrospectivo, que analizó 258 historias clínicas, entre marzo y julio de 2022, de pacientes internados en 2019 en un gran hospital de la región Centro-Oeste. Para medir la calidad de los registros, se utilizó el instrumento Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes (Calidad de Diagnósticos, Intervenciones y Resultados), validado para Brasil. El Comité de Ética aprobó la investigación. Resultados: considerando las dimensiones de los diagnósticos de enfermería como proceso y como producto, las puntuaciones medias globales fueron 4,5(±2,6) y 7,1(±4,1), respectivamente. En cuanto a las dimensiones de las intervenciones de enfermería y los resultados, los promedios fueron de 3,0(±2,1) y 4,7(±4,8). Hubo variaciones en los promedios de las puntuaciones entre las unidades analizadas, con una diferencia significativa (p<0,001). Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron bajas puntuaciones de calidad en los registros de procesos de enfermería, y los promedios de las puntuaciones difirieron entre las unidades de hospitalización analizadas.

Acesso e uso dos serviços de saúde por idosos segundo a vulnerabilidade social / Access to and use of health services by older adults according to social vulnerability / Acceso y uso de los servicios de salud por los adultos mayores según vulnerabilidad social

Objetivo: comparar os indicadores de acesso e uso de serviços de saúde de idosos comunitários de acordo com diferentes níveis de vulnerabilidade social. Métodos: estudo transversal conduzido com 805 idosos. Utilizado questionário da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios para mensurar indicadores de acesso e uso de serviços de saúde e Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social para avaliar a vulnerabilidade social. Resultados: idosos que viviam em áreas de elevada/muito elevada vulnerabilidade apresentaram maior proporção de desfechos negativos no vínculo com serviço (p<0,001), acesso aos medicamentos (p<0,001) e ao dentista (p<0,001). A maioria dos idosos que viviam em áreas mais vulneráveis recorria ao centro de saúde (54,2%); a maioria daqueles que residiam em áreas de baixa vulnerabilidade buscava atendimento particular (47,2%) (p<0,001). Conclusão: idosos que vivem em áreas de maior vulnerabilidade social apresentaram piores desfechos relacionados aos indicadores de acesso de serviços de saúde, embora utilizem com maior proporção o serviço público. (AU)

Objective: to compare the indicators of access to and use of health services by community elderly people according to different levels of social vulnerability. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with 805 elderly people. A questionnaire from the National Household Sample Survey was used to measure indicators of access to and use of health services; and Social Vulnerability Index to assess social vulnerability. Results: elderly people living in areas of high/very high vulnerability had a higher proportion of negative outcomes in terms of bond with the service (p <0.001), access to medication (p <0.001) and access to the dentist (p < 0.001). Most elderly people living in more vulnerable areas used the health center (54.2%); most residents in low vulnerability areas sought private care (47.2%) (p <0.001). Conclusion: elderly people living in areas of greater social vulnerability had worse results related to indicators of access to health services, although they use the public service more often. (AU)

Objetivo: comparar los indicadores de acceso y uso de los servicios de salud por ancianos de la comunidad según diferentes niveles de vulnerabilidad social. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 805 ancianos. Se utilizó un cuestionario de la Encuesta nacional por muestreo de hogares para medir los indicadores de acceso y uso de los servicios de salud; e Índice de vulnerabilidad social para evaluar la vulnerabilidad social. Resultados: las personas mayores que viven en áreas de alta / muy alta vulnerabilidad tuvieron una mayor proporción de resultados negativos en términos de vínculo con el servicio (p <0,001), acceso a medicamentos (p <0,001) y acceso al dentista (p <0,001). La mayoría de los ancianos que viven en zonas más vulnerables utilizaron el puesto de salud (54,2%); la mayoría de los residentes en áreas de baja vulnerabilidad buscaron atención privada (47,2%) (p <0,001). Conclusión: los ancianos que viven en áreas de mayor vulnerabilidad social tuvieron peores resultados relacionados con los indicadores de acceso a los servicios de salud, aunque utilizan con mayor frecuencia el servicio público. (AU)

Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

Quality of life in older adults according to race/color: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Increased longevity is accompanied by new social and health demands, such as the race/color social construct, indicating the need to identify the specific needs of older adults to maintain and improve their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the direct and indirect associations of demographic, economic, and biopsychosocial characteristics with self-assessed quality of life in older adults according to race/color. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study included 941 older adults living in the urban area of a health microregion in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: Older adults were divided into three groups: white (n = 585), brown (n = 238), and black (n = 102) race/color. Descriptive and trajectory analyses were performed (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Among the three groups, worse self-assessed quality of life was directly associated with lower social support scores and greater numbers of depressive symptoms. Worse self-assessed quality of life was also directly associated with a higher number of functional disabilities in basic activities of daily living and the absence of a partner among older adults of brown and black race/color. Lower monthly income and higher numbers of morbidities and compromised components of the frailty phenotype were observed among participants of white race/color, as well as lower levels of education in the brown race/color group. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with poorer self-assessed quality of life among older adults in the study community differed according to race/color.

Challenges and potentialities of business entrepreneurship in nursing: analogies to brazilian entrepreneurial activity / Desafíos y potencialidades del emprendimiento empresarial en enfermería: analogías con la actividad empresarial brasileña / Desafios e potencialidades do empreendedorismo de negócios na enfermagem: analogias à atividade empreendedora brasileira

ABSTRACT Objective: to reflect on the potentialities and challenges of entrepreneurial activity in the early-stage stage of nurses, considering the analogies between the profile of Brazilian nursing and business entrepreneurs in the country. Method: this is a theoretical reflection articulated around the concept of phases of entrepreneurial activity. From this starting point, common variables from the Nursing Profile survey and the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brazil Report were selected, such as sex, age group, education level, family income and occupation. Taking into account a parallel between variables, reflection on the challenges and potential of entrepreneurial nurses in the nascent and new entrepreneurial activity phases was ordered. Results: it is possible that nascent and new entrepreneurial nurses are predominantly women, specialized with the possibility of income compatible with traditional jobs. Specialization, professional experience and professional legislation are strengths, while sex is a challenge. Conclusion: there are both potentialities and challenges. For nascent and new entrepreneurs to emerge, entrepreneurial education, promotion of gender equality, work and income policies are particularly relevant.

RESUMEN Objetivo: reflexionar sobre las potencialidades y desafíos de la actividad empresarial en la etapa inicial de los enfermeros frente a las analogías entre el perfil de la enfermería brasileña y los empresarios del país. Método: reflexión teórica articulada en torno al concepto de fases de la actividad emprendedora. A partir de ese punto de partida, fueron seleccionadas variables comunes de la Encuesta Perfil de Enfermería y del Informe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, entre las que se encuentran género, grupo etario, nivel educativo, renta familiar y ocupación. Teniendo en cuenta un paralelismo entre las variables, se ordenó la reflexión sobre los desafíos y potencialidades de los enfermeros emprendedores en las fases de actividad emprendedora naciente y nueva. Resultados: es posible que las enfermeras nacientes y nuevas emprendedoras sean predominantemente mujeres, especializadas, con posibilidad de ingresos compatibles con los trabajos tradicionales. La especialización, la experiencia profesional y la legislación profesional son potencialidades, mientras que el género es un desafío. Conclusión: hay potencialidades y desafíos. Para el surgimiento de emprendedores emergentes y nuevos, la educación emprendedora, la promoción de la igualdad de género, las políticas de trabajo e ingresos son particularmente relevantes.

RESUMO Objetivo: refletir sobre potencialidades e desafios da atividade empreendedora em estágio inicial de enfermeiros face à analogias entre o perfil da enfermagem brasileira e de empreendedores de negócios no país. Método: reflexão teórica articulada em torno do conceito de fases de atividade empreendedora. Deste ponto de partida foram selecionadas variáveis comuns da pesquisa Perfil da Enfermagem e do Relatório do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Brasil, sendo sexo, faixa etária, nível de escolaridade, renda familiar e ocupação. Levando em conta um paralelo entre as variáveis, ordenou-se a reflexão sobre os desafios e potencialidade de enfermeiros empreendedores nas fases de atividade empreendedora nascente e nova. Resultados: é possível que enfermeiros empreendedores nascentes e novos sejam predominantemente mulheres, especializadas, com possibilidade de renda compatível com postos tradicionais de trabalho. A especialização, a experiência profissional e a legislação profissional são potencialidades; enquanto que o sexo, um desafio. Conclusão: há tanto potencialidades quanto desafios. Para que empreendedores nascentes e novos surjam são relevantes, sobretudo, a educação empreendedora, promoção da igualdade de gênero, políticas de trabalho e renda.

Conhecimento científico sobre processo de enfermagem à pessoa idosa que vive com demência e seu cuidador / Scientific knowledge of the nursing process for older adults living with dementia and their caregivers / Conocimiento científico sobre el proceso de enfermería para las personas mayores que viven con demencia y su cuidador

Objetivo: mapear o conhecimento científico sobre o processo de enfermagem aplicado à pessoa idosa que vive com demência e seu cuidador. Método: revisão de escopo conforme o Instituto Joanna Briggs desenvolvido em três bases de dados. Resultados: dos 23 estudos incluídos, 11 fundamentaram o processo de enfermagem em bases teóricas, com ênfase na Teoria Geral do Déficit de Autocuidado. Para a coleta de dados, evidenciou-se instrumentos de avaliação de sintomas psicológicos e comportamentais, funcionalidade e avaliação da cognição/indicativos de demência. A maioria não especificou o uso de linguagem padronizada; e quando presente, a taxonomia North American Nursing Diagnosis Association foi a mais utilizada, com predominância de diagnósticos nos domínios percepção/cognição, segurança/proteção e atividade/repouso. Conclusão: os achados subsidiam a prática clínica do enfermeiro baseado em conhecimento científico atualizado e apontam para lacunas do uso de base teóricas e taxonomias para sustentar o processo de enfermagem.

Objective: to map the scientific knowledge of the nursing process applied to older adults living with dementia and their caregivers. Method: this scoping review was conducted in three databases following the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results: of the 23 studies included, 11 grounded the nursing process on theoretical bases, particularly the General Self-Care Deficit Theory. Data collection instruments were found to assess psychological and behavioral symptoms, functionality and cognition/indicators of dementia. Most did not specify use of standardized language; and when they did, the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association taxonomy was the most used, predominantly in the perception/cognition, safety/protection and activity/rest domains. Conclusion: the findings inform the clinical practice of nursing based on current scientific knowledge and point to gaps in the use of theoretical bases and taxonomies to support the nursing process.

Objetivo: mapear el conocimiento científico sobre el proceso de enfermería aplicado a los ancianos que viven con demencia y a su cuidador. Método: revisión de alcance según el Instituto Joanna Briggs desarrollada en tres bases de datos. Resultados: de los 23 estudios incluidos, 11 fundamentaron el proceso de enfermería en bases teóricas, con énfasis en la Teoría General del Déficit de Autocuidado. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron instrumentos de evaluación de síntomas psicológicos y conductuales, funcionalidad y evaluación de la cognición/indicios de demencia. La mayoría no especificó el uso de lenguaje estandarizado; y, cuando presente la taxonomía de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association ha sido la más utilizada, con predominio de diagnósticos en los dominios de percepción/cognición, seguridad/protección y actividad/repudio. Conclusión: Los hallazgos subsidian la práctica clínica del enfermero con base en el conocimiento científico actualizado y apuntan hacia las lagunas del uso de base teórica y taxonomias para sustentar el proceso de enfermería.

Checklist de cirurgias seguras: percepção da equipe de saúde / Safe surgery checklist: perception of the health team / Lista de verificación de cirugía segura: percepción del equipo de salud

Objetivo: analisar a percepção dos profissionais de saúde do centro cirúrgico acerca do uso do checklist de cirurgias seguras. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 29 profissionais da equipe cirúrgica de um hospital universitário do Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Dados obtidos por meio de entrevistas individuais, entre fevereiro e março de 2019, norteadas por instrumento semiestruturado. Realizada análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram as categorias temáticas 'Prática e importância atribuída ao uso do checklist de cirurgias seguras pela equipe de saúde' e 'Perspectivas para o uso efetivo do checklist de cirurgias seguras na prática profissional'. Conclusão: Revelou-se uma prática incipiente do uso do checklist de cirurgias seguras, apesar de compreenderem sua importância, e verificou-se o reconhecimento de aspectos profissionais e organizacionais que precisam ser trabalhados para tornar a incorporação dessa ferramenta mais assertiva no processo de trabalho da instituição.

Objective: to analyze the perception of health professionals in the operating room regarding the use of the safe surgeries checklist. Method: descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, carried out with 29 professionals from the surgical team of a university hospital in the Brazilian Midwest. Data obtained through individual interviews, between February and March 2019, guided by a semi-structured instrument. Content analysis performed. Results: thematic categories 'Practice and importance attributed to the use of the safe surgeries checklist by the health team' and 'Perspectives for the effective use of the safe surgeries checklist in professional practice' emerged. Conclusion: It was revealed an incipient practice of using the safe surgeries checklist, despite understanding its importance, and there was recognition of professional and organizational aspects that need to be worked on to make the incorporation of this tool more assertive in the work process of institution.

Objetivo: analizar la percepción de los profesionales de la salud en centro quirúrgico sobre el uso del checklist de cirugías seguras. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con abordaje cualitativo, realizado con 29 profesionales del equipo quirúrgico de un hospital universitario del Medio Oeste brasileño. Datos obtenidos a través de entrevistas individuales, entre febrero y marzo de 2019, guiadas por un instrumento semiestructurado. Análisis de contenido realizado. Resultados: surgieron categorías temáticas 'Práctica e importancia atribuida al uso de la lista de verificación de cirugías seguras por parte del equipo de salud' y 'Perspectivas para el uso efectivo de la lista de verificación de cirugías seguras en la práctica profesional'. Conclusión: Se reveló una práctica incipiente de utilizar el checklist de cirugías seguras, a pesar de comprender su importancia, y se reconocieron aspectos profesionales y organizacionales que deben ser trabajados para hacer más asertiva la incorporación de esta herramienta en el proceso de trabajo de la institución.

Social support among older adults understood through structural equation modeling.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze factors associated, directly and indirectly, with lower social support of older adults, according to sex. METHODS: a cross-sectional study, with 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). RESULTS: in groups of women and men, direct and significant associations were observed between a smaller social network (p<0.001;p<0.001), single-person housing (p=0.046;p<0.001), greater number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001;p=0.010) and lower participation in advanced activities (p<0.001;p=0.005) with lower social support. In women, younger age was directly and significantly associated with outcome (p<0.001). In men, older age, mediated by lower participation in advanced activities, was indirectly associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: men and women showed less social support associated with social network, housing arrangement, depressive symptoms and participation in advanced activities. Understanding the context of social support among older adults makes it possible to establish more effective measures to improve care.

Quality of life and social vulnerability of older adults in the urban community: A cross-sectional study.

We aimed to investigate the association between social vulnerability and the quality of life of older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 805 older adults. Quality of life was measured using the WHOQOL-BREF and WHOQOLOLD instruments. Moreover, the older adults were evaluated according to the level of social vulnerability of the sector they live in. We found that older adults living with medium and high/very high social vulnerability had lower quality of life scores in the social relationships domain and the sensory skills facet compared to those with low social vulnerability. Those who lived in medium social vulnerability sectors had lower scores in the physical domain and in the past, present, and future activities facet. Translating these results into older adult care practice is in line with the new health paradigms that aim to overcome the current biological model of health care an moves toward the active aging approach.

Racial inequities and biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. / Iniquidades raciais e indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association of self-reported skin color/race with biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Brazil. Data were collected at home with instruments validated for the country. Descriptive analysis and binary, multinomial and linear logistic regression (p<0.05) were performed. RESULTS: Most older adults were self-declared white color/race (63.8%). Black color/race was a protective factor for negative (OR=0.40) and regular (OR=0.44) self-rated health perception and for the indicative of depressive symptoms (OR=0.43); and it was associated with the highest social support score (ß=3.60) and the lowest number of morbidities (ß=-0.78). CONCLUSION: regardless of sociodemographic and economic characteristics, older adults of black color/race had the best outcomes of biopsychosocial indicators.

Social support among older adults understood through structural equation modeling / Apoyo social entre mujeres y hombres mayores entendido a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales / Apoio social entre mulheres e homens idosos compreendido por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze factors associated, directly and indirectly, with lower social support of older adults, according to sex. Methods: a cross-sectional study, with 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Minas Gerais. Descriptive and trajectory analyzes were carried out (p<0.05). Results: in groups of women and men, direct and significant associations were observed between a smaller social network (p<0.001;p<0.001), single-person housing (p=0.046;p<0.001), greater number of depressive symptoms (p<0.001;p=0.010) and lower participation in advanced activities (p<0.001;p=0.005) with lower social support. In women, younger age was directly and significantly associated with outcome (p<0.001). In men, older age, mediated by lower participation in advanced activities, was indirectly associated with outcome. Conclusions: men and women showed less social support associated with social network, housing arrangement, depressive symptoms and participation in advanced activities. Understanding the context of social support among older adults makes it possible to establish more effective measures to improve care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar los factores asociados, directa e indirectamente, al menor apoyo social de los ancianos, según sexo. Métodos: estudio transversal con 941 ancianos de una microrregión de salud de Minas Gerais. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de trayectoria (p<0,05). Resultados: en los grupos de mujeres y hombres se observaron asociaciones directas y significativas entre menor red social (p<0,001;p<0,001), vivienda unipersonal (p=0,046;p<0,001), mayor número de síntomas depresivos (p<0,001;p=0,010) y menor participación en actividades avanzadas (p<0,001;p=0,005) con menor apoyo social, respectivamente. En las mujeres, la menor edad se asoció directa y significativamente con el resultado (p<0,001). En los hombres, la mayor edad, mediada por una menor participación en actividades avanzadas, se asoció indirectamente con el resultado. Conclusiones: hombres y mujeres mostraron menor apoyo social asociado a la red social, arreglo de vivienda, síntomas depresivos y participación en actividades avanzadas. Comprender el contexto de apoyo social entre los ancianos permite establecer medidas más eficaces para mejorar la atención.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar os fatores associados, direta e indiretamente, ao menor apoio social de idosos, segundo o sexo. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 941 idosos de uma microrregião de saúde de Minas Gerais. Realizaram-se análises descritiva e de trajetórias (p<0,05). Resultados: observaram-se, nos grupos de mulheres e homens, associações diretas e significativas entre menor rede social (p<0,001;p<0,001), moradia unipessoal (p=0,046;p<0,001), maior número de sintomas depressivos (p<0,001;p=0,010) e menor participação nas atividades avançadas (p<0,001;p=0,005) com menor apoio social, respectivamente. Nas mulheres, a menor idade se associou direta e significativamente ao desfecho (p<0,001). Nos homens, a maior idade, mediada pela menor participação nas atividades avançadas, associou-se indiretamente ao desfecho. Conclusões: os homens e mulheres apresentaram menor apoio social associado à rede social, arranjo de moradia, sintomatologia depressiva e participação nas atividades avançadas. A compreensão do contexto do apoio social entre idosos possibilita o estabelecimento de medidas mais eficazes na melhoria do cuidado.

Iniquidades raciais e indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos / Racial inequities and biopsychosocial indicators in older adults / Inequidades raciales e indicadores biopsicosociales en las personas mayores

Resumo Objetivo analisar a associação da cor da pele/raça autorreferida com indicadores biopsicossociais de idosos. Método estudo transversal conduzido com 941 idosos de uma comunidade na microrregião de saúde no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados no domicílio e com instrumentos validados no país. Procedeu-se à análise descritiva e regressão logística binária, multinomial e linear (p<0,05). Resultados a autodeclaração de cor/raça branca predominou entre os idosos (63,8%). A cor/raça preta foi fator de proteção para a autoavaliação da saúde péssima/má (OR=0,40) e regular (OR=0,44) e para o indicativo de sintomas depressivos (OR=0,43); e associou-se ao maior escore de apoio social (β=3,60) e ao menor número de morbidades (β=-0,78). Conclusão os achados denotam que, independentemente de características sociodemográficas e econômicas, os idosos da cor/raça preta apresentaram os melhores desfechos dos indicadores biopsicossociais.

Abstract Objective to analyze the association of self-reported skin color/race with biopsychosocial indicators in older adults. Method cross-sectional study conducted with a total of 941 older adults from a health micro-region in Brazil. Data were collected at home with instruments validated for the country. Descriptive analysis and binary, multinomial and linear logistic regression (p<0.05) were performed. Results Most older adults were self-declared white color/race (63.8%). Black color/race was a protective factor for negative (OR=0.40) and regular (OR=0.44) self-rated health perception and for the indicative of depressive symptoms (OR=0.43); and it was associated with the highest social support score (β=3.60) and the lowest number of morbidities (β=-0.78). Conclusion regardless of sociodemographic and economic characteristics, older adults of black color/race had the best outcomes of biopsychosocial indicators.

Resumen Objetivo analizar la asociación del color de piel/raza autoinformado con indicadores biopsicosociales de personas mayores. Método estudio transversal realizado con 941 adultos mayores de una comunidad en una microrregión de salud en Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en residencia y con instrumentos validados en el país. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y regresión logística binaria, multinomial y lineal (p<0,05). Resultados la autodeclaración de color/raza blanca predominó entre los adultos mayores (63,8%). El color/raza negra fue un factor de protección para la autoevaluación de la salud mala (OR=0,40) y regular (OR=0,44) y para el indicativo de síntomas depresivos (OR=0,43); y se asoció con el puntaje más alto de apoyo social (β=3,60) y el menor número de morbilidades (β=-0,78). Conclusión los hallazgos muestran que, independientemente de las características sociodemográficas y económicas, las personas mayores de color/raza negra tuvieron los mejores resultados de los indicadores biopsicosociales.

Vulnerabilidade social e cobertura do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica / Social vulnerability and coverage of the extended family health and primary care centers

Objetivo: aplicar o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social para o Distrito Federal e compará-lo com a distribuição espacial da cobertura dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Método: trata-se de estudo ecológico com base nos dados do censo demográfico, da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal, bem como de outros disponibilizados pela Gerência de Apoio à Saúde da Família. Resultados: verificou-se que 31,4% dos setores censitários do Distrito Federal foram classificados com baixo nível de vulnerabilidade social, 47,8% médio, 12,2% elevado e 8,3% muito elevado. Apenas 37,17% do território do cenário de estudo apresentavam cobertura Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica. Ao comparar a distribuição espacial desses desfechos, observou-se elevada extensão de vazios assistenciais de cobertura desse serviço, tanto em setores rurais quanto urbanos, e estes frequentemente classificados em maior estrato de vulnerabilidade. Conclusão: Recomenda-se a utilização de ferramentas de gestão de políticas públicas, como o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social, para o redesenho da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, tendo em vista o enfrentamento das iniquidades sociais. (AU)

Objective: Apply the Social Vulnerability Index for the Federal District and compare it with the spatial distribution of coverage of the Extended Family Health and Primary Care Centers. Methods: This is an ecological study based on data from the demographic census, from the State Department of Health of the Federal District, as well as others made available by the Family Health Support Management. Results: It was found that 31.4% of the census sectors in the Federal District were classified as having a low level of social vulnerability, 47.8% medium, 12.2% high and 8.3% very high. Only 37.17% of the territory in the study scenario had coverage of the Extended Family Health and Primary Care coverage. When comparing the spatial distribution of these outcomes, a high extent of care gaps in the coverage of this service was observed, both in rural and urban sectors, and these are often classified into a greater stratum of vulnerability. Conclusion: It is recommended to use public policy management tools, such as the Social Vulnerability Index, for the redesign of the Health Care Network, with a view to tackling social inequities. (AU)

Objetivo: Aplicar el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social del Distrito Federal y compararlo con la distribución espacial de cobertura de los Centros de Salud Familiar Extendida y Atención Primaria. Método: Se trata de un estudio ecológico basado en datos del censo demográfico, del Departamento de Salud del Estado del Distrito Federal, así como otros puestos a disposición por la Gerencia de Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia. Resultados: Se encontró que 31.4% de los sectores censales del Distrito Federal fueron clasificados como de bajo nivel de vulnerabilidad social, 47.8% medio, 12.2% alto y 8.3% muy alto. Solo el 37,17% del territorio en el escenario de estudio tenía cobertura de la cobertura de Salud Familiar Extendida y Atención Primaria. Al comparar la distribución espacial de estos resultados, se observó un alto grado de brechas de atención en la cobertura de este servicio, tanto en el sector rural como en el urbano, y estos suelen ser clasificados como de mayor nivel de vulnerabilidad. Conclusión: Se recomienda utilizar herramientas de gestión de políticas públicas, como el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social, para el rediseño de la Red de Atención de Salud, con miras a abordar las inequidades sociales. (AU)

Scientific knowledge about infections by the new coronavirus in older adults: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map the scientific knowledge about COVID-19 in older adults. METHOD: this is a scoping review literature review. A search was performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and LILACS databases. Original articles that answered the guiding question were included: what scientific knowledge is available in the world about COVID-19 in older adults? RESULTS: thirty-one articles were included, most of them carried out in China (n=23) and with a retrospective design (n=13) and case studies/case series (n=13). Based on the findings, six thematic categories emerged: clinical signs and symptoms (n=12), other information (n=9), adverse outcomes/complications resulting from COVID-19 (n=8), age relationship and greater severity of COVID-19 (n=8), variables related to death by COVID-19 (n=8), and diagnostic findings (n=8). CONCLUSION: the findings reinforce older adults' greater vulnerability to the worsening of COVID-19, as well as to complications resulting from the disease, including the greater occurrence of death.

Spatial analysis of elder abuse in a Brazilian municipality.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the spatial distribution of elder abuse in Ribeirão Preto-SP, according to victims' place of residence and event. METHOD: an ecological study that analyzed 1,153 elder abuse police reports (2009 to 2013). Local gross and empirical Bayesian rates and Local Moran's I were calculated. RESULTS: there was a heterogeneous distribution of concentration of sectors with a high incidence rate surrounded by neighbors with also high rates, considering place of residence. In contrast, analysis by place of occurrence showed a greater concentration in the central areas of the municipality. More than 80% of cases of violence occurred at their own homes and with spatial dependence on distribution by occurrence up to a 5,000 m distance from their places of residence. CONCLUSION: data reinforce that violence is a complex phenomenon, affecting several social strata, including in central urban areas and in elderly people families' own context.

Association between living arrangement and quality of life for older adults in the community.

OBJECTIVE: to compare the sociodemographic and economic characteristics of the older adults in the community according to the living arrangement and to verify the association between the type of living arrangement and the quality of life scores. METHOD: a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 796 older adults in the community. To assess quality of life (dependent variable), network and social support (adjustment variable), validated and applied chi-square tests, descriptive statistical analysis, multiple comparison analysis (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression model (p<0.05) were used. RESULTS: the older adults who lived only with their spouses had better quality of life scores in all domains and facets, except in the death and dying domain, which did not show any significant difference. The lowest scores for quality of life were identified in the groups with the presence of children and, exceptionally, in the domain of social relationships and, in the facets death and dying and intimacy, those who lived alone had worse assessments. In the adjusted model, there was an association between the type of living arrangement and the different domains and facets of quality of life. CONCLUSION: living arrangement was associated with quality of life scores for older adults in the community, even after adjusting for the gender, age, number of morbidities, and social support variables.